STATE ADOPTION OF  MODEL CODE 
IPC - International Plumbing Code  UPC - Uniform Plumbing Code  NSP - National Standard Plumbing Code

Alabama		IPC adopted by Local Governments
Alaska		UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
Arizona		UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
Arkansas	State Plumbing Code
California	UPC applicable Statewide
Colorado	UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
Connecticut	IPC effective Statewide
D.C.		IPC effective in city
Delaware	IPC effective Statewide
Florida		IPC effective Statewide
Georgia		IPC effective Statewide
Hawaii		UPC most of the Islands
Idaho		UPC effective Statewide
Illinois	Develops their own code
Illinois	IPC adopted by Local Governments
Indiana		UPC base document for State code
Iowa		IPC adopted by Local Governments
Iowa		UPC effective Statewide
Kansas		UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
Kentucky 	State Plumbing Code based on IPC precursor
Louisiana	State Plumbing Code based on IPC precursor
Maine		IPC adopted by Local Governments
Maryland	NSP at State Level, some use of IPC locally
Massachusetts	Develops their own Uniform State Plumbing Code
Michigan	IPC effective Statewide
Minnesota	UPC effective Statewide(1)
Mississippi	IPC adopted by Local Governments
Missouri	TBD either IPC or UPC effective Statewide
Montana		UPC effective Statewide
Nebraska	UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
Nevada		UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
New Hampshire	IPC effective Statewide
New Jersey	NSP at State Level
New Mexico	UPC adopted at State level but IPC in use locally
New York	IPC effective Statewide
North Carolina	IPC effective Statewide
North Dakota	UPC effective Statewide
Ohio		IPC effective Statewide
Oklahoma	IPC effective Statewide
Oregon		UPC effective Statewide
Pennsylvania	IPC adopted, but may not yet be effective
Puerto Rico	IPC effective Statewide
Rhode Island	IPC effective Statewide
South Carolina	IPC effective Statewide
South Dakota	UPC 2003 version effective Statewide
Tennessee	IPC effective Statewide
Texas		IPC at State but Austin, Houston, San Antonio use UPC
US Virgin Is.	UPC Island wide
Utah		IPC effective Statewide
Vermont		Use 1990 BOCA (BOCA now under IPC)
Virginia	IPC effective Statewide
Wisconsin	Wisconsin UBC Ch 61-65
Washington	UPC effective Statewide
West Virginia	IPC effective Statewide
Wyoming		Both IPC & UPC used by Local Governments

International Plumbing Codes - Adoption by Jurisdiction provides a more current
and comprehensive listing

For information only please refer to official documents
 

2000 INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE  (IPC)
Published by the 50,000-member organization  International Code Council (ICC), whose membership includes all voting members of BOCA, SBCCI, and ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials), the IPC incorporates much of the language of the BOCA National Plumbing Code and the SBCCA Standard Plumbing Code.

403.1 Minimum number of fixtures.  Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the type of occupancy and in the minimum number shown in Table 403.1*. Types of occupancies not shown in Table 403.1 shall be considered individually by the code official. The number of occupants shall be determined the the International Code Council. Occupancy classification shall be determined in accordance with the International Code Council.   (*) Table 403.1 on this web site is an unofficial sample

403.1.1 Potty parity.  [Florida Modification] In assembly occupancies, restrooms which are open to the public must have a ratio of 3 to 2 water closets provided for women as the combined total of water closets and urinals provided for men, unless these are two or fewer such fixtures for men, 

403.6 Customer facilities.  Customers, patrons and visitors shall be provided with public toilet facilities in structures and tenant spaces intended for public utilization.  Public toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story above or below the space required to be provided with public toilet facilities and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).  

2003 UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE (UPC) Published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials   

413.2.2 Fixtures accessible only to private offices shall not be counted to determine compliance with this section. establishments with an occupant load of one hundred (100) or more shall be provided with separate facilities for employees and customers. Customer and employee facilities may be combined for occupant loads less than one hundred (100).

413.3 Separate Facilities
Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex.
Exceptions:
(2) In occupancies serving ten (10) or fewer people, one (1) toilet facility, designed for use by no more than one (1) person at a time, shall be permitted for use by both sexes.
(3) In business and mercantile occupancies with a total floor area of fifteen hundred (1500) square feet (139.5 m 2 ) or less, one (1) toilet facility, designed for use by no more than one (1) person at a time, shall satisfy the requirements for serving customers and employees of both sexes.

413.5 Facilities in Mercantile and Business Occupancies Serving Customers
413.5.1 Requirements for customers and employees shall be permitted to be met with a single set of restrooms accessible to both groups. The required number of fixtures shall be the greater of the required number for employees or the required number for customers.
413.5.2 Fixtures for customer use shall be permitted to be met by providing a centrally located facility accessible to several stores. The maximum distance from entry to any store to this facility shall not exceed five hundred (500) feet (152.4 m).

Source:www.iapmo.org/common/ROP_UPC/PrePrint_UPC_2003/ preprint_ch4.pdf

_________________________________

2003 NATIONAL STANDARD PLUMBING CODE (NSPC)
Published by the Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors--National Association 

7.21.4 Separate Facilities
Separate toilet facilities shall be provided for each sex.
EXCEPTIONS:  [ deleted text ]

3. In businesses, occupancies with a total floor area of 1500 square feet or less, one toilet facility, de-signed for use by no more than one person at a time, shall satisfy the requirements for serving customers and employees of both sexes.
4. In mercantile occupancies with a net occupiable floor area of 1500 square feet or less that is accessible to customers, one toilet facility designed for use by no more than one person at a time, shall satisfy the requirements for serving customers and employees of both sexes.

7.21.7 Facilities in Mercantile and Business Occupancies Serving Customers
a. Requirements for customers and employees shall be permitted to be met with a single set of restrooms accessible to both groups. The required number of fixtures shall be the greater of the required number for employees or the required number for customers.
b. Fixtures for customer use shall be permitted to be met by providing a centrally located facility accessible to several stores. The maximum distance of entry from any store to this facility shall not exceed 500 feet.
c. In stores with a floor area of 150 square feet or less, the requirement to provide facilities for employees shall be permitted to be met by providing a centrally located facility accessible to several stores. The maximum distance of entry from any store to this facility shall not exceed 300 feet.
d. Drinking water facilities are not required for customers where normal occupancy is short term.
e. For establishments less than 1500 square feet in total floor area, one water closet and one lavatory in a restroom with a lockable door shall be permitted to provide the requirements for serving the customers and employees.

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Local Jurisdictions often strengthen the code requirements.  As an example some Jurisdition have amended the NSPC with the following amendment.

Amend Table 7.21.1."Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixtures: 
In item no. 7, "Mercantile," delete row (a) in its entirety and in the next row, in the "Description" after "Uses" insert

"All gasoline service stations shall provide toilet facilities to the public when open for business. There shall be separate facilities for men and women."

ARA Note: Using the above as an example,  to whom would one complain if not allowed to use the toilet facilities at a gasoline service station and what is the penalty?

EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT STATE CODE

ILLINOIS PLUMBING CODE 
SECTION 890.810 MINIMUM NUMBER OF PLUMBING FIXTURES 
Buildings with 5,000 square feet of gross public area or with occupancies of 100 or more persons shall provide public restrooms and drinking fountains as shown in Appendix A: Table B 

MASSACHUSETTS - UNIFORM STATE  PLUMBING CODE  
Scan to 
     (18) Minimum Facilities for Building Occupancy Other Than Residential
and to  
     Table 1: Minimum Facilities For Building Occupancy

248CMR Section 2.10
... Table: Minimum Facilities for Building Occupancy 

OLDER BUILDINGS

Older buildings are 'grand-fathered' as code is updated; that is an older building must abide by the applicable toilet codes at the time the build permit was issued.   Typically the older codes also contained an occupant base toilet requirement. 

Like wise  ‘change of use’ or ‘change of occupancy’ will trigger the need for a new building permit and compliance with current code.

Examples of types of use 

Assembly - place where unrelated people gather > restaurant, stadium, art gallery, gyms
Business - professions > doctors, hairdressers
Mercantile - things are sold, include grocery stores
Educational,
Factory & Industrial,
High Hazard,
Institutional,
Residential,
Storage,
Utility,
Historic - toilet requirement is often met by citing the availability of nearby toilets 

There are also sub-categories in these of ’type of use’ elements.  It appears unlikely that the construction done to change how a building is used could be done without a building permit and thus the need to meet current code.  Renovation, however, that does not change use or occupancy may not require updated toilet code although it likely triggers ADA toilet upgrade.

Partitions should be required with dimensions sufficient to provide a site-line block from below the trunk and up to the face of the majority of expected users.  If stall requirements exist recommend the same height for urinal partitions.   In lieu of other substantive information suggest no less then 73 inches

IPC Position 

The IPC added partition code into the 2002 model.  It can be reviewed at page 6 proposal P9-04/05 for chapter 310.5  

310.5 (Supp) Urinal privacy partitions. Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls or partitions to provide privacy. The construction of such walls or partitions shall incorporate waterproof, smooth, readily cleanable and nonabsorbent finish surfaces. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not more than 12 inches (304.8 mm) from and extend not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) or to a point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front lip of the urinal measured from the finished back wall surface, whichever is greater.

Exceptions:
1. Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or unisex toilet room with a lockable door.
2. Urinals located in day care and child-care facilities and containing two or more urinals shall be permitted to have one urinal without partitions.

310.5 Urinal privacy. Each urinal utilized by the public or employees shall occupy a separate area with walls or partitions to provide privacy. The construction of such walls or partitions shall incorporate waterproof, smooth, readily cleanable and nonabsorbent finish surfaces. The walls or partitions shall begin at a height not more than 12 inches (304.8 mm) from and extend not less than 60 inches (1524 mm) above the finished floor surface. The walls or partitions shall extend from the wall surface at each side of the urinal a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm)or to a point not less than 6 inches (152 mm) beyond the outermost front lip of the urinal measured from the finished back wall surface, whichever is greater. Exception: Urinal partitions shall not be required in a single occupant or unisex toilet rooms with a lockable door. Commenter’s Reason: Floor action in Nashville was to approve this as submitted. The only stated reason for disapproval was that these requirements belong in the building code. This language and these similar requirements are currently in IPC Section 310.4 for water closets. If others see it fitting to also locate such text in the IBC, then approve this proposal and those folks can attempt to duplicate these requirements in the IBC later. The IPC water closet text on the same subject would need to do the same for consistency. This is a sanitation, and water conservation issue as well as privacy. It is not an uncommon situation where multiple urinals are located without privacy patricians that only one urinal will be used when multiple occupants enter at the same time. Thus the water closet will be used rather than the urinal, more water usage occurs and usually a soiled water closet seat is the result. This creates an insanitary condition and an unpleasant experience for the next user. This was proposed last code cycle and included testimony from “accessibility” experts that clearly stated this would not have an impact on the “accessibility” features of toilet rooms. Another issue brought up was that urinals manufactured with small side walls could be considered adequate. These type fixtures do not provide privacy; if a user stands close enough to gain the privacy aspect of these fixtures then splashing and sanitation become an issue. Urinals can be substituted for 67% of the required water closets. It is not reasonable for the code to allow two of the three users in a three-fixture toilet room absolutely no privacy when using such facilities. To keep up with potty parity and the like, the equivalent would be to now only require one out of three water closets in female toilet rooms to have privacy patricians. That would be ridiculous! The codes are designed so that males and females are entitled to, and provided, the same level of amenities, this includes privacy. Cost is a factor. In the past the code increased the number of fixtures required for females and this increased the cost of construction related to the space, labor and the materials. But, this is how codes evolve. Facts of reality identify problem areas and the codes address them, just as the fixture charts were determined to be deficient in the area of water closets for females for certain occupancies. Now, the voting membership has the opportunity to recognize and correct a deficiency in another area, privacy for males!

Source:  2004/2005 PROPOSED CHANGES TO THE INTERNATIONAL PLUMBING CODE   page 6 proposal P9-04/05 for chapter 310.5 

The UPC does not specify a requirement for urinal

"Each water closet shall occupy a separate compartment which shall be equipped with a door, door latch and clothes hook. The door and the walls or partitions between fixtures shall be sufficient to assure privacy."

NSPC - No available information 

South Carolina 1997 Session 112 

H. 3250 --  Amend the code of laws of South Carolina, 1976 by adding Secton  39-41-295 so as to require a service station or convenience store selling gasoline and food or beverages to provide a public restroom and limit the application of this section to such service stations and convenience stores constructed on and after July 1, 1998.
Source: http://www.lpitr.state.sc.us/sess112_1997-1998/hj97/01-16-97.hj.doc

Connecticut Public Health Code Section 19a-36 of the General Statutes

Iowa Department of Public Health Memorandum to the State Board of Health

The Department of Public Health is required by statute to “establish, publish, and enforce a code of rules governing the installation of plumbing in cities and amend the same when deemed necessary.” Until 1982, the department maintained its own plumbing code. The lack of resources to maintain a full plumbing code and to publish it led to a decision to use a model code as the basis for the Iowa code; the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) was chosen.

Source: www.idph.state.ia.us/do/board_of_health_agendas/091201/plumbing_9_12_01.pdf

Maryland's Public Restroom Legislation

Loitering 

According to California Penal Code Section 647(d),